The deal & money
Forms of authentication (akta notaris, legalisasi, waarmerking)
Формы удостоверения договора (akta notaris, legalisasi, waarmerking) · Akta notaris / legalisasi / waarmerking / akta di bawah tangan
In one sentence. Four document forms with different weight in court: a notarial deed, legalisation of signatures before a notary, registration of an already-signed document, and a plain private contract.
| Form | What the notary does | Weight in court |
|---|---|---|
| Akta notaris | Draws up the deed, vouches for content, identities and date | Highest: "full proof" (Art. 1868 Civil Code) |
| Legalisasi | Parties sign before the notary, who certifies identities, signatures and date and registers it | High: signature and date cannot be denied |
| Waarmerking | Registers an already-signed document | Medium: only the registration date is proven |
| Akta di bawah tangan | No notary | Weak: signature can be denied (Art. 1875), date does not bind third parties (Art. 1880) |
For a lease running decades the minimum working form is legalisasi with entry in the notary's register: the owner cannot claim "I never signed", and heirs and future buyers are bound by the date. That is how leases are executed in the projects DOMA represents. A private contract is valid only until someone disputes it.
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Updated: 2026-09-20. Not a public offer. Regulations change — we cite enacted acts only and update the entry when they do.
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